Nearly unnoticed amid the great influx of dollars and students was the steady weakening of traditional Christian habits. At Harvard, for example, compulsory chapel came to an end in 1886. As money from businessmen increased, so also did the concern that boards of trustees and college administrators function in a businesslike way. So it was that businessmen replaced clergymen as trustees, and professional educators replaced ministers as presidents. In 1839, fifty-one of the fi